How the Protestant Reformers are Still Changing the World

Tag: Providence of God

George Washington: Christian, Soldier, and President

Gen. George Washington at Valley Forge (1777)

Written by Dr. Marcus J. Serven

“Train up a child in the way he should go; even when he is old he will not depart from it.” Proverbs 22:6

Introduction: 

Gen. George Washington (1732-1799)

This coming July 4, 2026 we will celebrate the 250th anniversary of the founding of our country. Of course, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia, our independence from Great Britain was far from certain. It was only through the blessing of God that the yoke of tyranny would be thrown off after seven long years of war. Many individuals of strong courage were raised-up during that troublesome season, but it is difficult to find a better example than George Washington who courageously led our troops into battle, and who would later serve as the first President of the United States in two terms (1789-1793 and 1793-1797). He is widely recognized as the preeminent leader of the American Revolution and the Father of our country.

Before that, however, George Washington was a surveyor, soldier, owner of a plantation, representative from Virginia to the Continental Congress, faithful member of the Episcopal Church, and the Commander and Chief of the Continental Army. He consistently depended upon the Providence of God to defeat a more numerous and much better equipped British Army during the Revolutionary War. But, what is it that shaped his character and produced in him a resolute determination to oppose all evil and oppression? Surely, it was the Christian faith which took root in him by the grace of God and that matured through the faithful efforts of his father and mother. It was said of him that he sought to please God more than to receive the praise of men. 

A Life to Be Studied: 

What key people and significant events shaped the life of George Washington? Below are three examples from Washington’s life—the first being the influence of his father; the second an excerpt from his personal prayer book; and the third the time General Washington was observed praying in a hidden grove of trees at Valley Forge. Each example illustrates the deeply held faith in Jesus Christ that was evident in Washington’s life.     

— The Cabbage Seeds: 

Augustine Washington (1694-1743)

George Washington’s father, Augustine Washington, came-up with a clever way to instruct his young son in how God created the universe. The father went into the vegetable garden near a pathway that his son always walked on. In the soft soil of the garden he spelled out his son’s full name with tiny cabbage seeds. After a few weeks went by and as young George was walking by the garden bed he saw his name completely spelled out in large letters. Having seen them he quickly found his father and said, “O Pa! Come here! Come here!” “What is the matter, my son, what’s the matter?” George replied, “O come here, I tell you, Pa, come here! And I’ll show you such a sight as you never saw in all your life time.” Leading his father to the site, George pointed at the newly sprouted plants that spelled out his name:

G – E – O – R – G – E — W – A – S – H – I – N – G – T – O – N

“There Pa!” said George, quite in an ecstasy of astonishment, “did you ever see such a sight in all your life time?” “Why it seems like a curious affair, sure enough, George!” “But, Pa, who did make it there?” His father answered, “It grew by chance, I suppose my son.” “By chance, Pa! O no! no! it never did grow there by chance, Pa; indeed that it never did!” “Well George, such a thing might have happened, though you never saw it before!” “Yes, Pa, but I did never see the little plants grow up so to make one single letter of my name before. Now, how could they grow up so as to make all the letters of my name! And then standing one after another, to spell out my name so exactly! —and all so neat and even too, at top and bottom!! O Pa, you must not say chance did all this. Indeed somebody did it; and I dare say now, Pa, you did do it just to scare me, because I am your little boy.” His father smiled, and said, “Well George, you have guessed right—I indeed did it; but not to scare you, my son; but to learn you a great thing which I wish you to understand. I want, my son, to introduce you to your true Father.” “Aye! I know, well enough whom you mean, Pa. You mean God Almighty, don’t you?” “Yes, my son, I mean him indeed. He is your true Father, George.”

This tender conversation continued back and forth between father and son, so that in the end Augustine Washington had given his son, George, a memorable lesson in how the design and complexity of the universe points us to the One who made all things. God must give us faith to believe and trust in his Son, Jesus Christ; but all of creation cries out that there is a God who is our Creator. George Washington’s parents were engaged in covenantal evangelism. In other words, they sought to introduce their young son to the Lord who made all things, and to help him see his need for a Savior. Did this effort bear good fruit? It’s a fair question, to be sure. Fast forward fifteen years and we shall see the answer.

(Adapted from: Rev. Mason L. Weems, Life of Washington, 13-16) 

As a young man George Washington spent a number of years surveying the wilds of Virginia

— George Washington’s Prayer Book: 

At twenty years old Washington wrote out a prayer book for his daily use. A man’s prayers, in many respects, reveal his true spiritual character. After reading his prayers it is difficult to not come away with the positive conviction that George Washington was indeed a Christian man. Below is a prayer from his own personal prayer book: 

“Monday Evening — Most Gracious Lord God, from whom proceedeth every good and perfect gift, I offer to thy divine majesty my unfeigned praise & thanksgiving for all thy mercies towards me. Thou mad’st me at first and hast ever since sustained the work of thy own hand; thou gav’st thy Son to die for me; and has given me assurance of salvation, upon my repentance and sincerely endeavoring to conform my life to his holy precepts and example. Thou art pleased to lengthen out to me the time of repentance and to move me to it by thy spirit and by thy word, and  by thy mercies, and by thy judgments; out of a deepness of thy mercies, and my own unworthiness, I do appear before thee at this time; I have sinned and done very wickedly, be merciful to me, O God, and pardon me for Jesus Christ sake; instruct me in the particulars of my duty, and suffer me not to be tempted above what thou givest me strength to bear…Be with me at the hour of death; dispose me for it, and deliver me from the slavish fear of it, and make me willing and fit to die whenever thou shalt call me hence…Pity the sick, the poor, the weak, the needy, the widows and fatherless and all that mourn or are broken in heart, and be merciful to them according to their several necessities. Bless my friends and grant me grace to forgive my enemies as heartily as I desire forgiveness of Thee my heavenly Father. I beseech thee to defend me this night from all evil, and do more for me than I can think or ask, for Jesus Christ sake, in whose most holy name & words, I continue to pray, Our Father, &c.”

— William J. Johnson, George Washington: The Christian, 28-29

In this prayer Washington acknowledged God’s sovereign rule over the entire world. He clearly articulated his understanding of the person and work of Jesus Christ. And, he confessed his own sin and his need for forgiveness from it through Jesus Christ. Last of all, he turned his attention to the needy all around him, and he interceded on their behalf. These are the marks of a true Christian. 

— Washington’s Prayer at Valley Forge: 

Several recent historians have asserted that George Washington was simply a Deist and not actually a Christian man. The deist believes that God is no more than a distant architect who created the universe and then quietly left it to its own destiny. They also argue that God is not involved in the affairs of men and nations. Instead, God is remote and disconnected from all human beings. In contrast to their assertions, however, this following anecdote regarding Washington’s prayer life shows how he believed otherwise: 

Gen. George Washington in prayer at Valley Forge interceding to God for the welfare of his troops

“In the Winter of ’77, while Washington, with the American army lay encamped at Valley Forge, a certain good old friend, of the respectable family and name of Potts, if I mistake not, had occasion to pass through the woods near headquarters. Treading his way along the venerable grove, suddenly he heard the sound of a human voice, which as he advanced increased on his ear, and at length became like the voice of one speaking in earnest. As he approached the spot with a cautious step, whom should he behold, in a dark natural bower of ancient oaks, but the Commander in Chief of the American Armies on his knees in prayer! Motionless with surprise, friend Potts continued on the place till the general, having ended his devotions, arose, and with the countenance of angelic serenity, retired to headquarters: friend Potts then went home, and on entering his parlor called out to his wife, ‘Sarah, my dear! Sarah! All’s well! All’s well! George Washington will yet prevail!’ ‘What’s the matter, Isaac?’ replied she; ‘thee seems moved.’ ‘Well, if I seem moved, `tis no more than what I am. I have this day seen what I never expected. Thee knows that I have always thought the sword and the gospel utterly inconsistent; and that no man could be a soldier and a Christian at the same time. But George Washington has this day convinced me of my mistake.’ He then related what he had seen, and concluded with this prophetical remark—‘If George Washington be not a man of God, I am greatly deceived—and still more shall I be deceived if God do not, through him, work out a great salvation for America.’”

— William J. Johnson, George Washington: The Christian, 102-103

Concluding Remarks: 

In these three examples we witness the true character of George Washington. He was a dedicated Christian man who humbled himself before Almighty God, and who depended upon God’s providential blessings throughout the course of his life. We can have confidence that God interceded in the events that brought about the founding of our country; examples abound of God’s providential deliverance from overwhelming odds! To be sure our country has not been perfectly righteous—from such failures we should actively repent. However, it is now our responsibility to faithfully serve God throughout our lives and to seek his glory in the civil sphere as well as in our own personal responsibilities. Let us begin by praying that God would raise-up other national leaders like George Washington within our own time—for the furtherance of God’s glory here on the earth.

Resources for Further Study: 

Chernow, Ron. Washington: A Life. New York, NY: The Penguin Press, 2010. 

Custis, George Washington Parke. Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington. First published in New York, NY: Derby & Jackson, 1860; Bridgewater, VA: American Foundation Publications, Reprint, 1999. 

Ellis, Joseph J. His Excellency: George Washington. New York, NY: Published by Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.

Fischer, David Hackett. Washington’s Crossing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004. 

Flexner, James Thomas. Washington: The Indispensable Man. Illustrated Edition. New York, NY: The Sterling Publishing Company, 2012. 

Johnson, William J. George Washington: The Christian. Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 1992. 

McCullough, David. 1776. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2005. 

The American Heritage History of the American Revolution. Edited by Richard M. Ketchum. New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Company, 1971. 

Weems, Mason L. The Life of Washington. Edited by Marcus Cunliffe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.

Dr. Marcus J. Serven, ThM and DMin

The Genevan Foundation – Copyright 2026 – All Rights Reserved

A Night Escape: John Calvin Flees Paris

The University of Paris–founded in AD 1150

“And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.” Romans 8:28

Written by Dr. Marcus J. Serven

John Calvin as a young man (c. 1533)

In his twenty-third year John Calvin (1509-1564) experienced a “sudden conversion” (c.1532). Through the work of the Holy Spirit he came to understand the depth of his own sin, and his need for a Savior. In short, the Lord changed his heart and he was born again (cf. John 3:5; Titus 3:4-7). He had become a disciple of Jesus Christ, and his everyday practices, his purpose in life, and his future plans were all thoroughly transformed by the Lord. He became a regular attender at an underground church that had secretly begun to assemble for worship in Paris. He quietly led Bible studies and sought to disciple new believers. During the early days of the French Reformation it was dangerous to profess faith in Jesus Christ and to attend an illegal church. Only participation in the Roman Catholic Church was permitted; all other church services and religious gatherings were prohibited.

Pierre Robert Olivetan–John Calvin’s older cousin

At that time Calvin had just finished his law degree at the University of Orleans. Due to his conversion, however, he determined to change his focus from law to studying theology at the University of Paris. He hoped to become a teacher of the Bible and a theological writer for the cause of Jesus Christ. While at the University, he renewed his friendship with a number of old friends from his hometown of Noyon. He also reconnected with his older cousin, Pierre Robert Olivetan (c.1506-1538) who would translate the Bible into French (1535). Calvin would write the Preface to the translation. In particular, he became a close companion of Nicholas Cop, who was the older brother of his friend Michel Cop. Nicholas Cop had the unique privilege of being selected by Francis I, the King of France, to become the Rector of the University of Paris. In this prestigious role he served as a leader of all the students and all the faculties of the colleges that made up the University. 

On All Saint’s Day, November 1, 1533, Nicholas Cop was required to give an address, or a sermon, to the assembled faculty, students, and the entire religious community. His sermon was based on Matthew 5:3, “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” In it he contrasted the righteousness of keeping the law, which man cannot fulfill, with the saving merits of Jesus Christ. He also encouraged personal study of the Bible and the application of its lessons to all of life. This was more than the Roman Catholic clergy at the Cathedral School of the Sorbonne could tolerate, and they rose-up in anger charging him with “Heresy!” They also brought charges before the French Parliament. Warned of his imminent arrest, Nicholas Cop fled the city of Paris for fear of his life. Unable to apprehend Cop, the religious authorities began searching about for anyone else who might have been associated with Cop and the Protestant movement. It became known through various sources that Calvin had assisted in writing the sermon given by Cop in the University Chapel. As a result, they pursued him so that he could be arrested, tried, and imprisoned.

One artist’s rendition of John Calvin escaping from Paris disguised as a vine-dresser

Late one evening the police came to Calvin’s lodgings to seize him. As they were pounding at the door his friends distracted the authorities with conversation. In God’s providence, Calvin was able to escape out the second-story window while a roommate lowered him down on bed sheets that were tied together into a rope. Once the police came into his room, they found a manuscript of Cop’s sermon in Calvin’s own handwriting. This confirmed their suspicion that Calvin was involved with the writing of Cop’s sermon. He now was a fugitive whose name was known to the religious authorities. His lot was permanently cast, and from this point on he was identified as a prominent leader within the Protestant Reformation. 

Margaret of Navarre

Calvin fled into the night in his bedclothes and escaped the next morning through the city gates dressed in the garment of a vine-dresser. Later he sought refuge from Margaret of Navarre (1492-1549), the King’s sister, who was sympathetic to the Protestant cause. The timid and mild-mannered John Calvin could no longer remain in the shadows. Although this was a very difficult time, God used all of these circumstances to further shape his character and to strengthen his courage. In time, he would become one of the foremost leaders of the Protestant Reformation. Indeed, “all things worked together for good” in his life—even those events that were frightening and greatly troublesome. Soli Deo Gloria! May God be praised! 

An Addendum: Emmauel Stickelberger, the preeminent biographer of Calvin, notes, “Some, not all, among the more recent students of Calvin question the Reformer’s authorship of the Rectorial address of Cop, and therefore also Calvin’s flight. Their reasons are not convincing. Calvin’s contemporary and successor, Theodore Beza, has reported both incidents as facts in his, the oldest, Calvin biography. On the MS. fragment of the address by Cop which the Geneva Library guards, there stand the words written by an old hand, “Haec Johannes Calvinus propria manu decripsit, et es auctor.” Doumergue, who is over-accurate, has not the slightest doubt (Vol. 1, pp. 331f.) Beza describes this incident in detail in his Vita Calvini.” (See: Stickelberger, Calvin: A Life, Note 7 and 8, 155-156)

The entire text of the inflammatory sermon given by Nicholas Cop is included as an Appendix in the 1536 Edition of the Institutes; also here are two of my favorite biographies of John Calvin

Resources for Further Study: 

Beza, Theodore. The Life of John Calvin: A Modern Translation of the Classic. Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 1997.

Carr, Simonetta. John Calvin: Christian Biographies for Young Readers. Grand Rapids, MI: Reformation Heritage Books, 2008. 

d’Aubigne, Merle J. H. The History of the Reformation in the Time of Calvin. Four Volumes. New York, NY: Robert Carter and Sons, 1863; Harrisonburg, VA: Sprinkle Publications, Reprint, 2000.

Stickelberger, Emanuel. Calvin: A Life. Translated by David Georg Gelzer. London, England: James Clarke & Company, 1959.

Van Halsema, Thea. This Was John Calvin. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing Company, 1959.

Vollmer, Philip; with contributions by J. I. Good, and Joseph C. Morecraft, III. John Calvin: Man of the Millennium. Edited by Wesley Strackbein. San Antonio, TX: The Vision Forum, Inc, 2008.

Walker, Williston. John Calvin: Organizer of Reformed Protestantism. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904. Reprint, New York: Schocken Books, 1969. 

Here are three books that would be suitable for children and young adults–each one includes the story of Calvin’s escape from Paris

Dr. Marcus J. Serven, ThM and DMin

The Genevan Foundation – Copyright 2025 – All Rights Reserved

An Update on the “Theology Study Group”

A tried and true resource for studying Christian doctrine

Every Thursday morning (9:00-11:00 AM) I have the privilege of teaching systematic theology to a group of men and women at Redeemer Presbyterian Church (PCA) here in Austin. Typically, we have 10-12 students for each class session. We have certainly grown a lot since beginning this past July when I started with one participant! Each one of the students serve in various ministry settings–as ruling elders, deacons, crisis counselors, missionary pastors, and chaplains. Moreover, they all greatly desire to “go deeper” into our beliefs, doctrines, and practices. We are using Louis Berkhof’s well-regarded Manual of Christian Doctrine (2nd Edition) as a guide, and I regularly assign additional resources as needed. Besides my teaching, we thoroughly discuss these doctrines and seek to come up with practical applications that can be useful in actual ministry situations.

For example, we recently studied the “Providence of God” and we noted how beneficial this doctrine can be in providing assurance and comfort to those who are in the midst of suffering and trials. Our Confession of Faith states it this way, “God the great Creator of all things doth uphold, direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things, from the greatest even to the least, by His most wise and holy providence, according to His infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of His own will to the praise of the glory of His wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.” (Westminster Confession of Faith, Ch. 5, Art. 1) What a blessing it is to know that God directs the affairs of mankind! And, that our Lord is intimately involved in the details of our own life so that He knows even the number of hairs upon our head! (Matt. 10:29-31)

I sure would welcome your prayers as I teach systematic theology from week to week, and as I seek “to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ.” (Eph. 4:12) And, for those who may be interested in joining us, then simply reach out to me to get more information.

— Dr. Marcus J. Serven

A Remarkable Example of God’s Providential Care

Rev. David Brainerd

It is clear when you read the writings of Rev. David Brainerd (1718-1747) that he firmly believed in the providence of God. In brief, it can be stated that he affirmed that God was involved in the affairs of men. God’s “invisible hand” directed Brainerd in a multitude of personal decisions that were necessary to carry out his missionary work with the American indians. When difficult circumstances arose, and they did many times over, he trusted that God was superintending all of the events of his life and that in the end these trials would prove to be for his own benefit, or for the benefit of others. This aspect of Brainerd’s faith gave him a deep personal assurance and a firm resolute confidence. Consider now this gripping example of God’s providential care in David Brainerd’s life:

“Tomahawks in hand, the Indians crept toward the strange tent. As they cautiously peered under the flap, their intention to kill was forgotten. There, in the center of the tent was a man on his knees. As he prayed, a rattlesnake crossed his feet and paused in a position to strike. But the snake did not strike. It lowered its head again and glided out of the tent. It was a long time later when David Brainerd, the man in the tent, found out why the Indians at the village received him with such honor as they did. He had expected that they would want to kill him. The reason for their change of heart was the report their comrades had brought of the marvelous thing they had seen. The Indians looked upon David Brainerd as a messenger from the Great Spirit, which indeed he was. In all good work the protection of God is with the worker.”

Tan, Paul Lee. “Encyclopedia of 7700 Illustrations: Signs of the Times.” Rockville, MD: Assurance Publishers, 1979, #2031

The historic Westminster Confession of Faith (1647) defines the doctrine of “Providence” in the following manner: “God the great Creator of all things doth uphold, direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things, from the greatest even to the least, by His most wise and holy providence, according to His infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of His own will to the praise of the glory of His wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.” (WCF, Chapter 5, Article 1) David Brainerd was well-acquainted with these words since he had memorized them as a child. In short, he trusted God to “uphold, direct, dispose, and govern” all the circumstances of his life. And the Lord, did not let him down.

— Dr. Marcus J. Serven